BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown a high percentage of insufficient vitamin D levels in humans in the North American, European and Asian regions. Various research works have also shown that insufficient vitamin D levels play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic non-infective illnesses like diabetes mellitus and cancer. This study was aimed at assessing the vitamin D status and glucose homeostasis in male type 2 diabetics and normal controls. METHODS: This comparative cross-sectional study included 80 confirmed type2 diabetic male patients and 49 normal male controls. All subjects with serum creatinine >1.5mg/dl or acute illness were excluded from the study. Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D, fasting serum C-peptide and fasting plasma glucose levels were measured in both study groups. RESULTS: This study showed a significant difference between mean 25-OH vitamin D levels of 36.55ng/ml in the diabetic group and 42.96ng/ml in the control group (p= 0.001). All four 25-OH vitamin D deficient respondents were diabetic. 43.8% of the diabetic group had a normal insulin resistance compared to 61.8% of the control group (p = 0.054). In the diabetic group, 73.8% had sufficient vitamin D, 21.2% had insufficient vitamin D, 5% had vitamin D deficiency. 90% of the control group had sufficient vitamin D levels while only 10% had insufficient vitamin D levels. In the control group, there was a significant negative correlation between 25-OH vitamin D and BMI and fasting plasma glucose. The mean HOMA2IR 1 value for the diabetics (3.09) is significantly higher than controls (2.40) (p=0.655). There was a significant negative correlation between log vitamin D and log BMI (R = -0.338, p = 0.021) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The mean 25-OH vitamin D level in the diabetic group is significantly lower than that of control group hence it could be possible that hypovitaminosis D is a major contributor to the onset of diabetes mellitus.