The aim of the study was to determine any association between refractive error and intraocular pressure among the indigenes of Kegbara-Dere community in Gokana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. This is a population-based, cross-sectional study. A simple random sampling of the people of Kegbara-Dere community was carried out between October and December 2009. Nine compounds in Kegbara-Dere community and the various households were involved in the study. A total of 1562 people were refracted and consequently grouped into one of the three refractive groups: emmetropia, hypermetropia and myopia. Visual acuity was assessed with Snellen’s chart and refraction was done by streak retinoscopy. Subjective refraction was done to confirm refractive status and magnitude. Intraocular pressures (IOP) in both eyes were measured with Perkin’s hand-held applanation tonometer (MK2) and the mean IOP value was adopted. The data obtained were recorded in data (record) sheets and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version16. A total of 1562 subjects (3124 eyes) were studied. There were 812 (51.98%) males while 750 (48.02%) were females. The mean age was 36.3 (±2.6) years. The youngest was 15 years old while the oldest was 89 years old. About 65% (1018) were younger than 40 years while 35% (544) were older. Ametropia was found in 28.49% persons. Hypermetropia was the most common refractive error-19.2%, while myopia was (9.3%). The highest number of hypermetropes was in the 20-29 year age group while the highest number of myopes occurred in the 50-59 age group. The mean IOP in the population studied was 15.8 (±2.5) mmHg for the right eye and 15.6 (±2.9) mmHg for the left eye. There was a gradual increase in IOP from 11.8 (±1.6) mmHg to 24.0 (±2.6) mmHg with increase in age from 15 years to 75 years respectively and then a decline to 20.0 (±1.6) mmHg in subjects above 75 years old. There was no statistically significant difference in mean IOP between the two sexes (p-value= 0.3224). The mean IOP of emmetropes was 14.47 mmHg; 15.2 mmHg for hypermetropia and 20.7 mmHg for myopia. Using the one way analysis of variance test, it was shown that the difference in mean IOP between the refractive groups was statistically significant (p-value=0.0001). Ocular hypertension was found to be 9.4% in the study population. It was also found that 77.1% of the myopes, 5.2% of hypermetropes and 1.5% of emmetropes had elevated IOP (≥21mmHg). The tendency of myopes to have elevated intraocular pressure and glaucomatous damage was statistically significant in this study (p-value<0.0001).