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THE PREVALENCE, SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF, RISK FACTORS AND SPECIFIED SHORT-TERM OUTCOME FOR INTRAVENTRICULAR HAEMORRHAGE IN PRETERM BABIES OF GESTATIONAL AGE 26-34 WEEKS AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL, ABUJA

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Supervisor: Dr. LI Audu, Dr. A Umar, and Dr. DR Shatima
Faculty: PAEDIATRICS
Institution of Training: NATIONAL HOSPITAL, ABUJA
Month: 05
Year: 2018

Abstract

Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants and transfontanelle ultrasonography has been documented to be the preferred imaging technique for screening. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, symptomatology, risk factors, and specified short-term outcome of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm babies delivered at 26-34 weeks of gestation seen at the neonatal unit of the National Hospital, Abuja. This was a prospective cross-sectional study. The maternal biodata, antenatal history as well as relevant delivery history were obtained and documented. The babies were examined, and findings documented, after which transfontanelle ultrasound scans were done. The first scan was within 24 to 72 hours of life, while the second scan was between day 7 and 10. Thereafter, a follow-up scan was done at 28 days of life for those with IVH demonstrated in an earlier scan. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 20.0 (SPSS Inc. standard version 2010). A total of three hundred and eleven eligible subjects were recruited between April 11, 2015, and April 30, 2016. Fifty-seven (18.3%) of these babies developed intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH). The mean (SD) gestational age (GA) was 30.92 (2.48) weeks, (range was from 26-34 weeks). The birthweight of the babies ranged between 460.00 and 2900.00 grammes with a mean (SD) of 1468.80 (488.60) grammes. The identified risk factors for IVH were gestational age < 28 weeks (χ² = 11.941, p = 0.001), birthweight less than 1000 grammes (χ² = 23.580, p = 0.006) and poor 5- minutes Apgar score less than 3 (χ² = 25.029, p = 0.000). The major symptoms of intraventricular haemorrhage in this study were altered consciousness (χ² = 10.703, p = 0.006), apnoea (χ² = 20.591, p = 0.000), pallor and cyanosis (p = 0.038 and p = 0.015 respectively).

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