A population survey was conducted in primary school boys aged 6 – 13 years in Calabar, Nigeria. The aim was to determine the prevalence of undescended testis in the study population as well as prevalence of other groin/genital abnormalities. Out of the total population of 11,344 boys enrolled in forty three (43) primary schools in Calabar, one thousand nine hundred and sixty (1960) selected by stratified random sampling technique from fourteen (14) primary schools participated in the study giving a sample ratio of 1:7. The mean age of the boys was 9.5 years with standard deviation of 2.23. Thirty seven (37) cases of undescended testis were detected giving a prevalence of 1.9%. Out of these, thirty five (35) was unilateral while two (2) were bilateral. The defect was commoner in the left side than on the right side. There were other groin abnormalities detected some coexisting with undescended testis. Ignorance and financial constraints were the major reasons for delay in seeking medical therapy. It is concluded that further studies about the condition in our environment is necessary and efforts aimed at improving the awareness of the condition among the general population emphasized.