ABSTRACT Background HIV in pregnancy has become one of the common medical problem of pregnancy and also of public heath concern. Approximately 1.2 to 1.8 million children have become HIV-infected through mother to child transmission of HIV. Roughly one-third to one-half of the 3.6 million children infected through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). The prevention of mother-tochild transmission (PMTCT) of HIV has been focused mainly on women who are HIV positive at their first antenatal visit, but there is uncertainty regarding the contribution to overall transmission from mothers who seroconvert after their first antenatal visit women therefore need to know about their HIV status through initial test and repeat testing in labour as some women who were initially positive may become positive during the course of pregnancy labour or breast feeding. Aim: To determine the prevalence of seroconversion HIV in pregnancy using a repeat HIV rapid testing in labour. Design: A prospective cohort of women who were HIV negative at recruitment on first antenatal care visit. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women were invited to undergo voluntary confidential HIV counselling and blood draw for HIV testing x during the first antenatal care visit as part of a prospective study of motherto-child transmission of HIV-1. Repeat tests were conducted at delivery Setting: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Departments at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria.