Background: Reports from the developing countries on the safety and success rates of vaginal birth after one previous caesarean delivery are variable.8,24 Although the existing global caesarean section rates are high and rising, obstetricians are generally reluctant to conduct vaginal delivery in women with a previous caesarean section because of conceivable complications and concern for possible litigation. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of patients, with one previous caesarean section at the UNTH. Also to determine and compare the maternal and fetal outcomes of labour in women who attempted VBAC successfully or not and those undergoing elective caesarean section. Design: It was a prospective cross-sectional study of pregnant women with one previous caesarean section. It examined the outcome of pregnancy in such women following attempt at vaginal birth or an elective repeat caesarean section. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UNTH Ituku – Ozalla, Enugu. Subjects: Seventy one (71) consecutive pregnant women with one previous caesarean section who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures for each patient included the mode of delivery, fetal outcome (including Apgar scores, perinatal death and birth weight) and maternal outcome (including post partum haemorrhage, uterine rupture and maternal death).