Background: In spite of the advances in surgical techniques and antibiotic use, infection morbidity remains one of the frequent complications of caesarean delivery and complicates 15% of cases. The overall personal, health and socioeconomic burden of these infections are enormous resulting in prolonged hospital stay, reduced maternal-child bonding, loss of manhour of care givers and disappointment with their birth experience. There is therefore a need to identify and test potential interventions to further reduce the incidence of post-caesarean infection. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of preoperative vaginal Povidoneiodine preparation on post-operative infection morbidity. Methods: The study was a randomised controlled trial. Parturient in labour scheduled for emergency caesarean section at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital were the study participants. One hundred and eighty (180) patients comprising 90 each were recruited into the interventional and control group. The control group had routine standard abdominal preparation only, while the interventional group received additional preoperative vaginal preparation with 10% Povidone- iodine. All parturient had antibiotics administered for the surgery. A study questionnaire designed for the study was employed to obtain necessary information