The trend towards shorter hospital stay and the consequent shift in the locus of care to the community, without complementary formal social welfare support, has placed the demands of the day to day care of patients with schizophrenia within the family. While considerable literature exists on the burden of care among adult informal caregivers, there is scanty information on caregiver burden in children of patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies, conducted predominantly in Europe and Australia have reported high levels of caregiver burden among adolescent children of patients with schizophrenia. However caregiver burden in children remains under-researched in Africa. This study assessed the level and correlates of caregiver burden in adolescent children of patients with schizophrenia. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Negative Outcome of Caring subscale of the Positive and Negative Outcomes of Caring Scale (PANOC-YC20) as a screening instrument for the burden of care was also determined. Using a cross-sectional study design, 100 adolescent children of parents with schizophrenia were consecutively recruited from the out-patient clinic of the Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos. Caregiver burden was assessed with the Negative Outcome of Caring subscale of the Positive and Negative Outcomes of Caring Scales (PANOC-YC20). The socio-demographic characteristics of the caregivers and the patients were elicited with a questionnaire by the researcher, while the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was administered to assess the clinical characteristics of the patients. The age of the caregivers ranged from 12 to 19years with a mean age of 17.64 (± 1.89) years. There were more females (56%) than males in the study population. The majority of the caregivers lived in single parent families and their perceived level of social support was predominantly (66%) poor. About six out of ten caregivers had high levels of burden. The negative outcome of caring scale (PANOC-YC20) had satisfactory internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78, while the test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient) was 0.88 (average measures), and 95% C.I. = 0.75-0.93 (p<0.001). Caregiver’s characteristics associated with a high level of burden included living in households without another adult apart from the ill parent (p<0.001), perceived poor social support (p<0.001), and being female (p=0.031). Patients’ characteristics associated with higher levels of burden in the caregiver were male gender (p=0.041), unemployment (p<0.001), higher PANSS scores (p<0.001) and being single (p=0.017). On multiple regression analysis, higher PANSS positive symptoms scores, poor social support and living in households without another adult apart from the ill parent were independently associated with caregiver burden. The variance accounted for by the variables in the final model was 0.687. The finding of a high level of caregiver burden among adolescent children of patients with schizophrenia confirms previous reports from other parts of the world. Clinicians need to recognise the role of adolescents in the care of their parents and an assessment process for caregiver burden should be incorporated into the routine assessment procedure of patients with schizophrenia. Comprehensive social welfare and support services should be made available to cater to the needs of adolescent caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and their parents. This support service should include interventions targeted at alleviating caregiver burden, enhancing coping and improving easy access to services. Further studies are required to confirm these findings in a larger sample and to clarify the trajectories to caregiver burden in adolescent caregivers.