Suicidal ideation among HIV-positive individuals is relatively common and is multi-factorial in aetiology. This study assessed the prevalence of suicidal ideation as well as its correlates in People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Subjects attending HIV clinic, LUTH were selected by systematic random sampling, they consented and met the inclusion criteria. The instruments administered to respondents in this study were Socio-demographic/clinical/adherence questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), World health Organization Quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-1V Axis 1 diagnosis Non-patient edition (SCID-1/NP). The instruments were self administered, except for the SCID which was administered by the author and the study took over a period of ten weeks. SPSS-17.0 was used to generate frequency table, cross tabulation, test of significance and logistic regression analysis. A total of 295 respondents participated in the study. One hundred and eighty (61.0%) were females. The mean age was 37.35 years ±8.75 standard deviation. Majority of the subjects were married (61.4%), 25.1% were single, 4.1% were divorced, 4.7% were separated and 4.7% were widowed. Two hundred and sixty five (89.8%) were Christians, the rest were Muslims. One hundred and thirty eight (45.4%) subjects had secondary level of education, one hundred and twenty one (41.0%) had tertiary education and forty (13.6%) subjects had primary education. One hundred and seventy four (59.0%) were gainfully employed and the rest were unemployed. Fourteen (4.7%) had a past history of suicide attempt, 4.1% had a past history of psychiatric illness. Two hundred and fifty eight (87.5%) were on Antiretroviral medication, 87.2% with good adherence. Forty one (13.9%) had not disclosed their HIV positive status to any other than their doctors. Two hundred and forty six (83.4%) were sexually active in the past three months and 22.7% practiced unprotected sexual intercourse. Sixty four (21.7%) subjects admitted to recent use of alcohol/psychoactive substance, while 13.2% were screened as cases of psychological distress. Majority (84.7%) considered their overall quality of life (QOL) to be good and there was significant association between the singles and poor overall QOL (p-value=0.002), also significant association between unemployment and poor QOL (Overall (p-value=0.028), physical domain (p-value=0.012), psychological domain (p-value=0.002) and environmental domain with p-value=0.012). Approximately forty (13.6%) respondents had thoughts of suicide. Majority were single, unemployed, females and within age group 31-40years. Suicidal ideation was significantly associated with unemployment (p-value=0.000), Islamic religion (p-value=0.006), high level of psychological distress (p-value=0.000), past history of suicide attempt (p-value=0.013), HIV status non-disclosure (p-value=0.002), poor adherence to HAART (p-value=0.045) and poor QOL [overall QOL (p-value=0.000), satisfaction with health (p-value=0.011), physical domain (p-value=0.003) and psychological domain (p-value=0.000)]. When all these factors that were significant were subjected to multiple logistic regressions; Greater emotional distress, unemployment, Islamic religion, HIV status non-disclosure, and past history of suicidal attempt were the positive predictors of suicidal ideation while employment was a negative predictor of suicidal ideation. Although it is known that psychiatric co-morbidities represent a key determinant of suicide risk, this study was able to identify social vulnerability factors that can heighten suicide risk. Results from the present study will help in prompt identification of HIV-positive individuals who may be at an increased risk of suicidal ideation so that they can be assessed regularly and referred for psychological treatment when appropriate.