Background: Uterine fibroid remains a common gynaecological condition which affects women of reproductive age. In recent years, interests are mostly on identification of its risk factors for future development of novel non-surgical options for the prevention and or treatment with minimal or no side effects. Demonstration of low serum levels of vitamin D in women with uterine fibroids could be a pedestal on which future understanding of this clinical condition could be based, especially in its prevention among women of reproductive age group. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum vitamin D status in women with and without uterine fibroids. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study among women attending gynaecology outpatient clinic in LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso. Eligible women were those with the diagnoses of uterine fibroids of at least 1 fibroid nodule with a diameter ≥ 10 mm seen on transabdominal ultrasound scanning and those without uterine fibroids as cases and controls, respectively. Five millilitres (5mls) of venous blood samples of the eligible women were taken at the antecubital fossae. Samples were centrifuged and the serum were stored in the freezer, at -20℃ and subsequently analyzed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D.