BACKGROUND: Poliomyelitis is endemic in Nigeria, especially in Northern Nigeria where there is continuous endemic transmission of WPV1 and 3 and cVDPV2 resulting in high number of cases of children with AFP. The seroprevalence of antibodies to polio serotypes which can be used to assess the degree of protection and effectiveness of the vaccine against poliomyelitis, is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The main aim is to determine the seroprevalence of poliovirus antibodies types 1, 2 and 3 in children aged 1-10 years in Zaria. METHODS: A descriptive, cross sectional, community based study was undertaken in Zaria, North Western Nigeria between 2008 to 2009. Two hundred and sixty-four (264) children aged 1-10 years were enrolled from two local governments in Zaria by multistage random sampling method. Demographic data and immunization history were retrieved from parents and caregivers by an interviewer administered questionnaire. Neutralising antibody titres to polioserotypes I, II and III were assayed according to the WHO Manual for the virological investigation of polio. Antibody titres > 1:8 was considered positive.