Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of refractive errors and spectacle utilization coverage among secondary school students in Katagum Local Government Area (LGA), Bauchi State, with a view to adequately plan and promote spectacle use among students with refractive error. Methods: A school-based cross sectional study design was employed using multistage sampling, in 10 selected public and private schools between June and November 2019. The data were collected by the researcher through interview, structured questionnaires and ocular examination. Students underwent baseline visual acuity (VA) screening, with VA tested separately for each eye at 6 meters using the Snellen’s chart in a well-lighted indoor area, and Autorefractometer. Students with VA ≤6/9 underwent further refraction with or without cycloplegic refraction and subjective refraction was done using spherical and cylindrical lenses. The data were entered and analyzed by IBM SPSS version 24. The statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Result: Seven hundred and one students participated in the study, which consisted of 366 (52.2%) males and 335 (47.8%) females. The ratio of males to females was 1.1:1; the age range of the students was 12-22 years with a mean age of 15.7 years ±1.97 standard deviation. The age group of 14-15 years accounted for 271 (38.7%) of the population, while the age group of 21 years and above had the least population at 4.0%. Prevalence of refractive error was 82 out 701, which is 11.7% (95% CI 4.0% to 12.5%). Myopia and it’s spherical equivalence accounted for 52 (63.4%), hypermetropia and its spherical equivalence 22 (26.8%), and simple astigmatism 8 (9.8%). Forty four (53.7%) of the students with refractive errors were females, while 38 (46.3%) were males. Twenty nine students (55.87%) with myopia were females, while 23 (44.2%) were males. Only 42 (51.2%) of the students advised to buy spectacles bought the spectacles and were using them. Among the forty two students that bought spectacles, 29 (69.1%) were females, while 13 (30.9%) were males. Of the twenty eight students who wore their spectacles at the time of the visit, sixteen (57.4%) were females, while 12 (42.9%) were males. High degree of refractive errors, parents’ level of education, and history of poor vision were found to be associated with compliance with the use of spectacles. Conclusion: The burden of uncorrected refractive error is high among secondary school students in Katagum LGA; myopia was the predominant type of refractive error, more in females than in males. There was a significant relationship between degree of refractive errors, parents’ level of education and income, and compliance with the use of spectacles among secondary school students in this study.