Psychoactive substance use has for many years been an issue of increasing health and social importance in Nigeria. The period of adolescent characterized by high-risk behaviour is a key window period for substance use and researchers have documented a trend of decrease in the age of initial exposure to substances as well as multiple substance uses. Early-onset substance use confers a particularly high risk for prolonged addiction, treatment need, psychiatric disorders, poor educational achievement and mortality. Most research works were, however, conducted in school which would have excluded the population of out-of-school children. Consequently, the burden of substance use may have been underestimated and least prioritized by stakeholders. Moreover, newer brand and class of substances with varying psychoactive properties are emerging. Therefore, there is the need for a community-based survey to generate more representative data on the current state of childhood substance use and its relationship with their educational status. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed at identifying the types of substances used by subjects aged 10 to 18 years, the prevalence and pattern of psychoactive substance use and the relationship between psychoactive substance use and the educational status of subjects. Materials and methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study with children aged 10 to 18 years residing in Ilorin West Local Government Area as participants. Five hundred respondents were recruited using a multistage sampling technique and substance use questionnaire was used as the data collecting instruments. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.