For children trying to learn presence of uncorrected refractive error may be a major hindrance. Since this is unacceptable in today’s world, there is need for reliable data to inform planning and implementation of refractive error screening and treatment programs among children. This study set out to determine the prevalence of significant myopia among primary school pupils in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara state. A cross sectional survey of primary school pupils was conducted in the study area using a multi stage sampling technique to select pupils from six primary schools. Demographic data, ocular history, family and social history were obtained by means of self administered questionnaires. These pupils also had visual acuity measurement; where indicated, evaluation of ocular alignment, streak retinoscopy and examination of the external eye, anterior segment, media and fundus. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15.0 was used in analyzing data obtained. 1224 primary school pupils from the study local government were involved in the study. Prevalence of refractive error was 2.7% and prevalence of significant myopia (Spherical Equivalent of at least -0.50D in either eye) was 1.1%, accounting for 41.9% of all refractive errors. Prevalence of significant myopia was associated with increasing school age, female gender, type of school and high socio economic status. Significant myopia has a low prevalence among primary school pupils in Ilorin West Local Government area of Kwara State. However, lack of functional refractive services in the public sector magnifies its impact, resulting in a number of children without appropriate correction. Eye health education and provision of affordable refractive services may help address this unmet need.