This study is a descriptive cross- sectional survey to determine the prevalence of glaucoma among adults aged forty years and above in Akinyele local government of Oyo state of Nigeria. The study also attempts to evaluate the association between socio demographic factors and glaucoma.. A multi-stage sampling with probability proportional to size (PPS) method was used in selecting eligible individuals from the 48 settlements selected in the 12 wards of the local government. All participants had visual acuity testing, administration of a structured questionnaire by trained field assistants. In addition to demographic characteristics, information was sought regarding personal medical history; history of past and present ocular symptoms; and family history of blindness. Comprehensive ocular examination was performed on all the patients and some respondents had central visual field. The diagnosis of glaucoma was made according to three levels of evidence based on the scheme proposed by the International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology. A total of 811 people aged 40 years and above were included in the survey. The crude prevalence of glaucoma was 7.3% (95% C.I, 7.28-7.32) ,while the age adjusted prevalence was 6.9% (95% C.I,6.88-6.92) . The crude prevalence of primary glaucoma was 6.4%(95% C.I, 6.38-6.42) while the age adjusted prevalence was 6.1%(95% C.I, 6.08-6.12). The prevalence of secondary glaucoma was 0.9% (95% C.I,0.88-0.92). Age and gender of respondents were significantly associated with the diagnosis of glaucoma (P= 0.005, P= 0.047) respectively. The prevalence of glaucoma increased with increasing age, respondents over the age of 60 years were 2 times (p= 0.004, 95% CI; 1.088 – 3.201) likely to develop glaucoma. Also respondents with a family history of blindness were 3 times (p=0.019, 95%CI (1.199 - 7.266) likely to be diagnosed with glaucoma. A history of hypertension or migraine in respondents was associated with glaucoma (p< 0.05). The crude prevalence of glaucoma blindness was 2.8% (95% CI: 2.78- 2.81). The age adjusted prevalence of glaucoma blindness was 0.69%95%C.I,0.67-0.71). These findings suggest a high prevalence of glaucoma in this population which is comparable to those in black populations in Barbados, Ghana and St. Lucia. The prevalence of glaucoma blindness is comparable to findings from the Nigerian National Blindness survey. An effective screening programme should be considered for this high risk group.