Background: There is a dearth of studies on generalized anxiety disorder and major depression among correctional officers. Current evidence suggests that these conditions may be found in them particularly at periods of increased security challenges and may impact negatively on productivity. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression, and their socio-demographic and work- related correlates among prison officers in Agodi prison. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among three hundred and two officers in a two stage procedure. The first stage involved administration of socio-demographic questionnaire and a 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to all consenting prison officers to screen for general psychiatric morbidity, while the second stage involved interview of GHQ positive cases and 10% of non cases with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV axis I Diagnosis (SCID) for the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi square test and logistic regression at 5 % level of significance. Results: The prevalence of generalized disorder and major depression were 2.3% and 4.0% respectively, with a comorbidity of 1%. Factors associated with generalized anxiety disorder were infrequent participation in religious activities (p = 0.023) and absence from work due to physical illnesses (χ2 = 5.55, p = 0.019). The factors associated with major depression were infrequent participation in religious activities (p = 0.000), absence from work due to physical illnesses (χ2 = 6.21, p = 0.013), cigarette smoking (χ2 = 6.83, p = 0.009) and use of other mind altering drugs not (χ2 = 6.45, = 0.011). Respondents who participated frequently in religious activities were 11 times less likely to experience major depression than those who participated on festivals and ceremonies. (OR= 0.086, 95%CI: 0.017- 0.434, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Generalized anxiety disorder and major depression occurred among prison officers and they are related to socio-demographic, health and occupational correlates. These findings suggest the need for effective recognition and prompt treatment of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression as well as the development of effective prevention strategies for these disorders, that involve the promotion of occupational mental health and stress management programmes among vulnerable occupational groups for enhancement of health and productivity.