A cross sectional survey of the prevalence of eye injuries among primary school children in two non contiguous Local Government Areas of Enugu State of Nigeria was undertaken. One of the Local Governments Area was urban while one was rural. Children who were <15years in two randomly selected primary schools in the urban areas and three randomly selected schools in the rural area were interviewed and examined with Snellen’s chart, pen torch, head loupe and direct ophthalmoscope. Findings were recorded using a semi-structured questionnaire and World Health Organization/ programme for prevention of blindness (WHO/PBL) eye examination Form. Training on visual acuity measurement was done for each of the class teachers. A total of 1236 children <15years of age were studied and analyzed. Slightly more females 652 (52.8%) than males 584 (47.2%) constituted the sample population giving a female/male ratio of 1.1 to 1. A total of 98 (7.93%) children had evidence of injury to the eye or its adnexa. Lid scar was commonest (5.34%) followed by brow scar (2.10%). Canthal scar was next (0.32%). Two girls had monocular blindness from eye trauma (0.16%). One had leucoma while the other had a dislocated lens. All the monocular blind children from this study were from the urban area. The home was the commonest environment for eye injury (69.39%) followed by the school (20.41%). The farm was next in frequency (7.14%) especially among boys in the rural area. The church, the road/street constituted the remainder. For persons causing injury, the child’s playmate was commonest (55.10%) followed by self (27.55%). Parents and guardians were next (9.18%). These were injuries associated with corporal punishment. Corporal punishment related eye injury from this study appears to be commoner in the rural area and affects boys predominantly. Other human intermediary agents of eye injury includes passerby (2.04%), RTA (2.04%), siblings (2.04%) and others (1.02%). The primary agents of eye injury were stick/wood 29 (29.60%), stone 21 (21.43%), pieces of metal 19 (19.39%), fall 10 (10.20%), fight/fist blow 9 (9.918%), plastic 2 (2.04%) fingernails 2 (2.04%), farm tools/ fruits 2 (2.04%), RTA, glass and head butt contributed 1.02% each. Farm implements/fruits as well as fingernails appear to be a fairly common primary agent of eye injury in the rural Enugu Nigeria. In terms of prevalence, there was no significant difference between the urban and rural areas. The findings from this study showed a high prevalence of eye injury among primary school children. In terms of treatment, 58.16% of the children with eye injury had no form of treatment for the eye injury. The children with monocular blindness from this study did not receive adequate medical treatment. Treatment of eye injury from this study was sought at the chemist (19.39%), hospital/health centre (16.33%), home (3.06%) and traditional healer (3.06%). The persons who treated eye injury observed from this study were doctor (14.29%), nurse (4.08%), chemist (17.35%), traditional healer and fathers constituted 3.06% each. The frequency of non injury related diagnosis made in this study were refractive error (4.85%), allergic conjunctivitis (1.94%), oculocutanous albinism (0.24%). Prepapillary vascular loops (0.40%), then ptosis, exotropia, stye, corneal opacity and retinitis pigmentosa 0.08% each. The annual incidence of eye injury from this study was 3.48%. Majority of the causes of eye injury in this study were preventable. Appropriate promotion of preventive eye care among children may go a long way in reducing the burden of blindness from eye injuries.