Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the three most common chronic viral infections seen in the world. Globally, over 350 million and 170 million people are chronically infected with HBV and HCV respectively. The three viruses share similar modes of transmission and common risk factors despite their biological differences; hence they coexist in the same host at significantly high rate. Studies have shown that HBV and HCV infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV positive population and vice versa. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infection in HIV infected children aged 2 months to 13 years at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). The comparative cross-sectional study was conducted over five months. Three hundred and seventy-four children were recruited into the study comprising 187 HIV infected and 187 HIV naïve age, sex matched controls. A pre-tested proforma was administered, anthropometric measures were recorded and blood samples of the HIV infected participants and HIV naïve (controls) were assayed for the serologic markers [HBsAg, antibody to HBc (anti-HBc) and antibody to HCV (Anti-HCV)] of HBV and HCV infections with the use of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.