Introduction: Amblyopia is a common paediatric eye disease with both functional and cosmetic consequences. It is a significant cause of unilateral visual reduction worldwide among children and adult. Amblyopia prevalence is underestimated due to lack of awareness. Lifelong visual impairment can result if early diagnosis and treatment are not commenced before the age of 8 years. Aim: To determine the hospital-based prevalence, causes and possible risk factors of amblyopia, among children attending clinic in Eye Foundation Hospital and Deseret Eye Centre in Ikeja Lagos, with a view to promote early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of amblyopia. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study, which evaluated the clinical profile of amblyopic children aged 3 to 17 years, among children who satisfied study’s inclusion criteria that attended the clinic between 15th of November 2014 and 15th of May 2015. Ethical approval was obtained from Health Research and Ethics Committee of Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja. Assent of the eligible child was obtained along with written informed consent from their parent/guardian. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the patients/guardians, to generate relevant data. Visual acuity evaluation was done for all participants using Snellen visual acuity chart. Amblyopia was defined as difference in best corrected visual acuity between the two eyes, of two or more Snellen lines or best corrected visual acuity ≤6/12 bilaterally in the absence of any significant organic lesions that could result in a decreased vision. Children with visual acuity <6/6 underwent refraction including cycloplegic refraction and post-cycloplegic subjective refraction, then anterior and posterior segment examination. Data obtained from 441 children (94% response rate) were analyzed using SPSS version 21.