Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors, among adults of Mushin Local Government Area (L.G.A.) of Lagos State, Nigeria. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Materials/Methods: Study was conducted between April and June 2010. Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select eligible participants who underwent administration of a structured interviewer administered questionnaire, random blood sugar estimation, ocular examination, and refraction. Significant myopia was -0.50 Dioptre Sphere (DS) or more, hypermetropia +0.50DS or more, and astigmatism 0.50 Dioptre Cylinder (DC) or more. Those unable to read N.8 test type with distance correction in place (when applicable), or who read at least one more line with addition of a plus lens, were deemed presbyopic.