Background: The clinical importance of bacterial vaginosis (BV), an important cause of vaginal infection, is the putative association with many adverse obstetrical and gynecological outcomes, including premature rupture of the membranes, chorioamnionitis, prematurity, low birth weight, pelvic inflamatory disease, persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and acquisition and genital shedding of HIV. Knowledge of the risk factors for BV is critical for its prevention and management. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for bacteria vaginosis among HIV positive women in LUTH. Methodology: This study was a case control study, 150 HIV positive women attending the APIN (AIDS Prevention Initiative) clinic were recruited for the study after a written consent was obtained. A structured predesigned questionnaire was used to obtain information from each participant on the socio-economic status, sexual history and practice, contraceptive usage, retroviral status and duration of diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy, CD4 count, viral load and retroviral status of spouse. After this, high vaginal swabs was taken and examined for the presence of BV using the Nugent’s criteria. The data obtained were analysed using Epi-Info Statistical software. The risk factors for bacteria vaginosis (BV) was determined by comparing the cases (HIV positive women who have BV) with controls (HIV positive women who do not have BV).