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PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONGST UNDERGRADUATES OF BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO (BUK) BY

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Supervisor: PROFESSOR O. UDOFIA DR. AGHUKWA N.C
Faculty: PSYCHIATRY
Month: 05
Year: 2012

Abstract

Background: University education in Nigeria is increasingly becoming stressful and difficult to acquire. Previous studies show that academic burnout among undergraduates of Nigerian universities is highly prevalent and it is a major aspect of students’ mental health. Apart from the frequency with which it occurs, burnout impacts significantly on the mental health of students and their quality of life. Burnout could also lead to study difficulties and other psychosocial consequences. Aims: This study set out to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among undergraduates of BUK Kano. It also seeks to determine difference in prevalence rates of burnout among students of different faculties. Another specific objective was to determine the relationship between burnout and length of academic activity. Lastly, this study determined if there was any relationship between burnout, drug use, psychological morbidity and quality of life of the participants. Method: The study was carried out among nine hundred and thirty three (933) undergraduates of BUK in the faculty of education, law and medicine respectively, using a descriptive cross sectional study design. Study instruments consisted of a socio-demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-students’ survey (MBI-SS), 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Cage Drugs Questionnaire, and WHO Quality of Life Survey-Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Data was entered and coded in an electronic spreadsheet. Subsequently, data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0 with significance set at 0.05. Results: There was a high prevalence of burnout 16.4%, 24.7% and 20.8% for emotional exhaustion, cynicism and reduced academic efficacy respectively. In education burnout rate was 15.8% on the emotional exhaustion subscale while for Law and Medicine it was 15.3% and 17.9% respectively. Even though undergraduates from medicine had higher burnout, it was not statistically significant (p=0.521). On the subscale of cynicism, undergraduates from Education had the highest burnout (35.6%), this was followed by Medicine (20.4%) and the least was Law (16.7%). The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Burnout on the subscale of academic efficacy showed that students from the faculty of medicine reported the highest rate of 30.4% compared to education (24.3%) and law (5.1%) p<0.001. Burnout increased with increasing length of academic activity; increasing psychological morbidity and decreasing quality of life of the study participants. Conversely, burnout increased among non-drug users compared to drug users. Conclusion: This study has shown that burnout is highly prevalent among undergraduates of BUK with significant differences noted in cynicism and (reduced) academic efficacy components of burnout among the three faculties. Education students had more burnout on cynicism subscale while medical students had more burnout on academic efficacy subscale of the MBI-SS. Overall; law students were the least burnout. Also burnout increased with increasing length of academic activity, increased psychological morbidity and decreasing quality of life of study participants. Students who are non drug users had worse burnout than drug users. Families and University authorities should put in place functional programmes to reduce the burden of burnout and more researches are needed to gain deeper understanding of burnout and its effects on students’ mental health.

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