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PRESBYOPIA: PREVALENCE, IMPACTON QUALITY OF LIFE AND BARRIERS TO USE OF SPECTACLES CORRECTION FOR NEAR VISION IN BUNGUDU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ZAMFARASTATE, NIGERIA

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Supervisor: DR. NASIRU MUHAMMAD AND DR. ALHASSAN M.B
Faculty: OPHTHALMOLOGY
Month: 5
Year: 2014

Abstract

AIM: To determine the prevalence of presbyopia, its correction and impact on visionrelated quality of life in Bungudu LGA of Zamfara State. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A population based qualitative and quantitative cross sectional study conducted from 7th to 28th of April 2012 at Bungudu LGA of Zamfara State Nigeria. Six hundred and fifty persons of at least 40 years of age in 13 clusters (50 per cluster) were examined using a multi-stage cluster random sampling based on probability proportional to size. Presbyopia was defined as the inability to read N8 at 40CM in an indoor illumination. Information on barriers to using near vision spectacles, visual function and quality of life were obtained and entered into modified questionnaire used by the Nigeria National Blindness and low Vision Survey. RESULTS: Out Of the 650 subjects enumerated 635 were examined with a response rate of 97.7%. The mean age of participants was 53.59 years 95% CI (52.75-54.43), There was no significant difference in age group among persons examined and those not examined (refused and absent), (P-0.448). However, the number of males examined was significantly higher than females (P=0.000). The crude prevalence of presbyopia was 30.4%3 95% CI: (26.8% - 34.1%). The prevalence was significantly higher in females (P=0.000) and individuals with at least secondary education (P=0.022). The age specific prevalence of presbyopia was three times (63.5%) more among person 70 years above as compared to those within 40 to 49 years age group (19.3%). The met need was 0.2%, unmet need of 30.2% and a PSCC of 0.7%. There was no statistically significant difference among participants in terms .of their age group, gender, literacy level and occupation in use of near vision spectacles correction. The major barriers reported as reasons for not obtaining near vision spectacles were "Not aware of problems"," No felt need"," Not a priority" and "Lack of money". The mean visual function (VF) score of persons with presbyopia was 85.09, 95% CI: (83.09 - 87.09) and higher in females (P-0.003). The visual functions most impaired were ability to read, write, use mobile phones and thread needles. The higher the degree of presbyopia the lower the mean VF score (P=0.00).

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