AIM To determine the pattern of Childhood Visual Impairment and Blindness among students attending schools for the visually impaired in Lagos State with a view to providing information on avoidable causes of childhood visual impairment and blindness as well as possible emerging trends. METHODOLOGY This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Willing and consenting students in two schools for the visually impaired in Lagos State<16 years of age or students ≥ 16 years who became visually impaired before the age of 16 years were enrolled in the study. Participants were interviewed to obtain medical, surgical and family history, ocular and systemic examinations were performed. Information was recorded using a modified WHO/PBL eye examination record for children with blindness and low vision. Parents/guardians were interviewed to obtain detailed birth, pregnancy, medical, surgical and family history. Data was analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 software program (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY). To determine changes in the pattern of visual impairment and blindness, findings from this study were compared to a study conducted 17 years earlier in a school for the blind in Lagos State. Z Test was used to determine differences in proportions, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated. Level of statistical significance was set at 5%.