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PATTERN AND PREVALENCE OF EYE DISEASES AMONG FARMERS IN AN AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY IN OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE.

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Supervisor: Dr. (Mrs.) A. I Osahon, Dr. (Mrs.) O. T. Edema
Faculty: OPHTHALMOLOGY
Month: 5
Year: 2008

Abstract

This study was carried out among field farmers in an Oil palm industry in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo state, to determine the pattern and prevalence of eye diseases among farmers. The study also sought to highlight the factors associated with ocular trauma, assess the use of protective eyewear among the farmers as well as proffer feasible recommendations. The farmers were interviewed in local language using structured questionnaires, to obtain information on their socio-demographic data, work history, work conditions, ocular history and ocular trauma. Ocular examination was then carried out on all the farmers by the researcher. Farmers with a history of ocular trauma were further examined to determine the presence or absence of after-effects of trauma. All data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 13.0. Three hundred and three field farmers participated in the survey, 184 (60.7%) were males and 119 (39.3%) were female. Two hundred and forty two farmers (79.8%) had ocular disorders. The common eye disorders were presbyopia (47.5%), chronic allergic conjunctivitis (17.2%), pterygium (16.5%) and refractive errors (15.2%). Macula degeneration (8.6%), cataract (7.6%), trauma related visual disorders (3.6%) and glaucoma (3.3%) were also relatively common. The prevalence of visual impairment, uni-ocular blindness and blindness were 6.9%, 2.0% and 1.0% respectively. Ocular trauma occurred mainly from weeding and harvesting activities and mostly in workers who did not use protective eyewear. It was most common in young, male farmers in the age bracket of 20 -40 years. More than 50% of the farmers were aware of the benefits of protective eyewear while more than 70% expressed their willingness to use such devices if provided for them. Policy makers and managers of agricultural industries are encouraged to provide better eye care services for their farm workers. In addition, emphasis should be placed on ocular safety practices so that majority of the ocular morbidity, visual impairment and blindness that were prevalent in this community can be greatly reduced

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