BACKGROUND Many of the causes of visual impairment and blindness in children are either preventable or treatable and therefore the control of avoidable blindness in children is a high priority in the WHO and International Agency for Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) Vision 2020 initiative: The Right to Sight. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the anatomical site and underlying causes of visual impairment and blindness amongst students attending the school for the blind, FCT Abuja with a view to determine the pattern of avoidable and unavoidable blindness in the study population. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study where all the students of the school who were present and consented were recruited into the study. A proforma designed for this studywas used to extract information on demographics, past medical/surgical history, period of onset of blindness and relevant family history. Each student had a comprehensive ocular examination and intraocular pressure measurement done. Refraction was also carried out where indicated and the findings were recorded using the WHO/PBL Eye Examination Record for children with blindness and low vision protocol. Data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Any value of P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results were presented using tables, bar charts and pie charts.