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OUTCOME AND BARRIERS TO KERATOREFRACTIVE SURGICAL UPTAKE AMONG MYOPES AT EYE FOUNDATION HOSPITAL GROUP, NIGERIA

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Supervisor: Dr. O. Okonkwo, Dr. K.O. Musa, and Dr. A. Ashaye
Faculty: OPHTHALMOLOGY
Month: 11
Year: 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To determine the outcome and barriers to uptake of keratorefractive surgical procedures among myopes at Eye Foundation Hospital Group, Nigeria. MATERIALS & METHODS: The study was a non-randomized prospective study with secondary intervention, conducted among consecutive consenting new patients diagnosed with myopia between -1.0D to -10D at Eye foundation hospital group. Interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focused group discussions were used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and awareness of keratorefractive surgery, attitudes and willingness to accept the surgery, outcome and barriers to uptake of keratorefractive surgery. RESULTS: Three hundred and two participants were enrolled into the study with mean age of 30.48±8.44 years and an age range of 18 years to 57 years. Two hundred and seventeen (72%) of the participants had not heard about keratorefractive surgery before while 82 (27%) of the participants had heard about it, with social media (62.2%) contributing more to the awareness than the ophthalmologist (35.4%) and optometrist (17.1%). The odds of awareness of keratorefractive surgical procedures increased with urban place of residence (OR = 2.710, 95%CI 1.197-6.137; p= 0.017) and higher income (OR = 2.579, 95%CI 1.309-5.081; p= 0.006). Twenty-one percent of the participants were willing to accept the surgery if offered, 45% of the participants were not willing to accept the procedure while 34% of the participants were not sure if there would accept it or not. Participants with high myopia (chi-square p<0.001) were more willing to accept keratorefractive surgery. During the focused group discussion and in-depth interview, keratorefractive surgery was viewed as risky, surgery for the financially privileged and needless, while a few saw it as a welcome development. Reasons for accepting to do surgery XIII keratorefractive surgery were; tired of using spectacles/contacts (87.3%), career reason (11.1%), do not want to use spectacles (6.3%), beautification (6.3%) and leisure (1.6%). The reasons for not opting for keratorefractive surgery were; fear of damage (59.1%), lack of awareness (41.6%) and financial constraints (40.9%). Ten eyes of six participants underwent keratorefractive surgery constituting an uptake of 2.0%. The mean spherical equivalent for those that had surgery were -4.3±2.7 D. Eighty percent and 100% of eyes were within ± 0.5 and 1.0 D of the intended correction, respectively and regarding efficacy at 3 months post-operation, the proportion of participants with post-operative uncorrected distance visual acuity of ≥6/9 and ≥6/6 were 100% and 70% respectively. Regarding safety at 3 months post operation, 3 eyes (30%) showed no change in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), 6 eyes (60%) gained 1 line and 1 eye (10%) lost 1 line. No vision threatening complications were observed in any of the cases.

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