AIM The aim of this study was to describe HIV-related ocular disease in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with a view to obtaining baseline data. This can be used to develop strategies for diagnosis, treatment and possibly prevention of the blinding complications of HIV / AIDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional hospital based study of adult HIV patients on HAART at the special treatment clinic of the National Hospital Abuja was carried out between June and December 2006. Consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria during the study period were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Visual acuity was tested using the standard Snellen and illiterate E-charts. The face, external eye examination, anterior segment examination and pupillary reaction to light were done with a pen torch and a slit lamp biomicroscope. Fundoscopy was done using a ‘Heine’ direct ophthalmoscope and/or a ‘Keeler’ binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Ocular motility tests and confrontational visual field assessments were also done. Information obtained from patients’ records included their CD4+ counts and pack cell volume (PCV). The data obtained was analyzed using EPI-Info version 6.04. Various statistical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA), F-statistics and chi-square test were used to investigate association and trends between variables. Level of significance was drawn on p < 0.05.