Resource Page

OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF VENOMOUS SNAKE BITE IN SNAKE BITE TREATMENT AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL KALTUNGO, GOMBE STATE, NIGERIA

Email:
Supervisor: Professor Abdu Lawan, Dr. Atima Mayor Orezim, and Dr. Hassan Sadiq
Faculty: OPHTHALMOLOGY
Month: 11
Year: 2021

Abstract

Treatment and Research (SBTR) Hospital Kaltungo, Gombe State. STUDY DESIGN: Hospital-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study. METHODOLOGY: Ethical approval was obtained from Gombe State Health Research Ethical Review Committee. A total of 333 consecutive patients diagnosed with venomous snake-bite at SBTR Kaltungo were interviewed and examined using a structured questionnaire which captured their socio-demographic data, history of snake bite and ophthalmic history. Visual acuity and examination of the ocular adnexa, orbit, globe, anterior and posterior segments were carried out. Relevant basic laboratory tests such as platelet count, PCV and 20 minutes WBCT were carried out. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 (SPSS, Chicago IL). Descriptive statistics (frequencies, proportions, means and standard deviation) was used to analyze the variables. Risk factors were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. . RESULTS: A total of 333 patients with venomous snake-bite were examined. The age ranged from 5 to 80 years with mean age of 23 ± 15.0 years and a male to female ratio of 2:1. Most patients affected were uneducated rural farmers and herdsmen. Ocular manifestations occurred in 157 (47.1%) patients and these include: conjunctival chemosis/injection 78/156 eyes (49.7%), lid oedema 51/102 eyes, (32.5%), subconjunctival haemorrhage 15/30 eyes (9.6%), ptosis 8/16 eyes (5.1%), external ophthalmoplegia 3/6 eyes (1.9%), venom ophthalmia 1/2 eyes (0.6%) and orbital cellulitis 1/2 eyes (0.6%). Vipers 141 (89.8%) were responsible for most ocular manifestations and most patients 132/264 eyes, (84.1%) had mild ocular disease. Most eyes 646 (97.0%) had no visual impairment, 18 (2.7%) eyes had moderate visual impairment, (0.2%) eye had severe visual impairment and another 1 (0.2%) eye was blind. Causes of visual impairment were refractive error as seen in 12 eyes, cataract (6 eyes), Venom ophthalmia (1 eye) and orbital cellulitis (1 eye). Risk factors for ocular involvement include delayed bite-to-hospital time, low platelet count, low PCV and poor educational status. Severity of ocular diseases was associated with poison type and bite-to-hospital time.

© 2024 NPMCN, All Rights Reserved
Powered by: