BACKGROUND: Children are the leaders of tomorrow and so government policy should address issues affecting them. Ocular problems are some of those problems that can affect them negatively. Since they are young, it becomes necessary to pay serious attention to their health problems in general and ocular health in particular. Hence this study was carried out to obtain data on eye diseases among school pupils to enable effective policy formulation on their eye health in Anambra State. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This was a survey to determine the (a) prevalence and pattern of ocular diseases, (b) the causes of ocular morbidity in primary school pupils in Aguata Local Government Area of Anambra State. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional survey undertaken from January 2005 to March 2005. A total of one thousand and twenty-one pupils were examined using interviewer-administered questionnaire, Snellen chart, Pentorch, X10 magnifying loupe, Ophthalmoscope, Ishihara pseudoisochromatic chart, retinoscope and a metre rule. The samples were selected through a multistage random sampling method till the three schools were selected at which level it became a whole 2 population study. The age range of the pupils was from 5years to 20years. Data obtained was analysed using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) programme and necessary tests of significance were carried out.