BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection constitute serious health problem especially in sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries of the world. In developing countries where over 70-80% of the affected women reside and comprehensive health care is limited, vertical transmission of the virus as well as other adverse obstetrics and neonatal outcomes are still very common. With the use of HAART in pregnancy, it is expected that the outcome of pregnancy will improve. However, it still remains controversial if some of these observed adverse outcomes are as a result of use HAART or from HIV infection. AIM AND OBJECTIVES To determine the differences in the sociodemographic characteristics as well as obstetric and neonatal outcome in HIV-positive pregnant women on HAART and HIV- negative pregnant women attending ANC at AKTH. METHODOLOGY This is a prospective case control study conducted in AKTH between February 2014 and October 2014.The cases consist of HIV-positive pregnant women who tested positive during the booking clinic, those referred to PMTCT services and those already on HAART for their disease and subsequently delivered in the hospital that met the inclusion criteria. The control consist of the next appropriately matched HIV-negative pregnant women presenting for booking clinic and subsequently delivered in the hospital and also met the inclusion criteria . Questionnaires were used to collect data on the sociodemographic, biological characteristic and past obstetric history of the women in the study. Descriptive analysis of the result was done using the statistical package for social sciences version 15(SPSS15, Chicago, IL, USA), P<0.05 was considered significant, providing 95% confidence interval.