Background: The brunt of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV)/the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is largely borne by communities in subSaharan Africa. The study describes urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in Nigerians with the HIV infection. Methods: Consecutive patients with HIV infection were seen in the HIV counseling and testing (HCT) unit of the Faith Alive Foundation Hospital, Jos, and a similar group of healthy uninfected controls were evaluated for renal disease.