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IRON STATUS OF SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA PATIENTS IN JOS

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Supervisor: Dr. Aisha Mamman
Faculty: PATHOLOGY
Month: 11
Year: 2006

Abstract

Background: Sickle cell anaemia is one of the most common haemoglobinopathies in the sub-Saharan Africa. It is characterized by a continuous haemolytic state, sometimes requiring repeated blood transfusions. This has contributed to the believe that SCA patients have an abundant store of iron. However with the present deteriorating economic situation in the country, this might not be so. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the Iron status of SCA patients in Jos, hence evaluate the need for Iron supplement. Patients and Methods: In the study, 36 sickle cell Anaemia patients (HbSS) were enrolled. Questionnaires were administered to address pertinent questions. Blood was taken for full blood count, red cell indices, serum ferritin, and serum Iron estimations. Stool and urine were also taken to detect any form of parasites, red cells in urine, and urine haemosiderin. Results: Normal or increased serum ferritin levels were found in 34(94.4%) of the patients studied. Two (5.6%) had low serum ferritin levels. All had adequate or increased serum iron. The correlation found between serum ferritin levels and blood transfusion histories were not statistically significant. Iron stores were adequate before the age of 10, only getting above normal range after the age of 10. Blood loss was the major determinant of Iron status. The majority (80.6%) of the patients had haemosiderin in urine. Patients with absent or mild urine haemosiderin had adequate or increased Iron stores. Urine haemosiderin showed no significant association with age, number of blood transfusions, and number of crisis per year or socioeconomic status of patients. Conclusion: Iron status in sickle cell anaemia is a spectrum, ranging from Iron deficiency to iron overload determined by various factors.

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