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HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS SEEN AT AMINU KANO TEACHING HOSPITAL, KANO FROM JANUARY 1999 TO DECEMBER 2008

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Supervisor: COL (DR) YAWALE ILIYASU DR AMINU ZAKARI MOHAMMED
Faculty: PATHOLOGY
Month: 11
Year: 2011

Abstract

Malignant soft tissue tumours account for less than 1% of overall human burden of malignant tumours. Previously considered rare, increasing incidences of these tumours have been noted worldwide. This ten year retrospective histopathological review was carried out to identify, classify, grade, and determine the pattern, frequency, age and sex distribution of malignant soft tissue tumours received in the histopathology department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) Kano, from January 1999 to December 2008. The study comprised of all cases of soft tissue sarcoma diagnosed over the 10 year review period. Laboratory request forms and duplicate copies of histological reports were retrieved and relevant clinical information such as age, sex, site and histological types of the tumours were extracted. Corresponding haematoxylin and eosin stained slides were reviewed and evaluated. Special stains such as PTAH and reticulin were used for some cases and Immunohistochemistry was employed in a few others. The tumours were classified according to WHO classification and graded using the FNCLCC grading system and the results analyzed using frequency tables, pie and bar charts. A total of 264 cases of soft tissue sarcomas representing 30.2% of all soft tissue tumours were recorded. This accounted for 8.8% of 2997 malignant tumours of varying histological types received over the same period. One hundred and sixty-two males and 102 females were recorded with a male to female ratio of 1.6: 1. The age range was between 3 months and 89 years with a 1 mean age of 39.0 years. Kaposi sarcoma was the predominant histological type with 56 cases (21.2%). This was followed by rhabdomyosarcoma with 54 (20.5%) cases, Dermatofibrosarcoma with 52 (19.7%) cases, and liposarcoma with 3 (6.0%) cases. The most common site of affectation was the lower limb with 73 (27.7%) cases, followed by the trunk with 66 (25.0%) cases, head and neck with 45 (17.0%) cases, and upper limb with 35 (13.3%) cases. The study found significant association between tumour grade and age (p<0.05), but no such association was found between grade of the tumour and sex of the patients (p>0.05). Soft tissue sarcomas were found to be more common than otherwise thought and Kaposi sarcoma was the predominant histological subtype commonly affecting young adults. Late presentation is a major challenge in our environment and public awareness campaign will help ameliorate this trend. The advent of Immunohistochemistry in our centre has ensured prompt and more accurate diagnosis of these tumours.

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