In this twenty –nine year (1979-2007) retrospective study, an attempt is made to determine the histopathological patterns of the various thyroid neoplasma seen at the Pathology department of University of Illorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Kwara state Nigeria. One hundred and fifteen histologically diagnosed thyroid neoplasms were reviewed which represented 12.8% of all thyroidectomy specimens. These neoplasms consisted of 56 (48.7%) carcinomas. 55(47.8%) ademomas, 3 teratomas (2.6%) and I case of Burkitt’s lymphoma (0.9%). Fifty-eight cases (50.4%) were benign neoplasms while 57 (49.6%) cases were malignant, giving a ratio of 1:1. Eighty-nine cases occurred in females while 26 cases were recorded in males, giving a male to female ratio of 1:3.4 The age of patients with carcinoma ranged from 12-18 years with a medium age of 38 years. The female to male ratio was 2.5:1 (40 females, 16 males). The common histological variants (follicular, papillary, and anaplastic) of thyroid carcinoma occurred among the cases reviewed with differentiated (papillary and follicular) carcinomas accounting for 92.7% of cases. Follicular carcinoma was the most common and accounted for 67.8%, followed by papillary carcinoma variant, which accounted for 25% with a ratio of 2.7:1. Anaplastic carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma accounted for 3.6%, and 1.8% respectively. Hurthle cell carcinoma a variant of follicular carcinoma also accounted for 1.8%. Thyroid adenomas occurred over an age range of 14-70 years with a median age of 37 years. The female to male ratio was 7:1 (48 female, 7 males). All the adenomas were follicular adenoma. Three cases of mature teratoma were recorded, in a 4-month-old female and in 11 and 35 year old males.