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HERNIOTOMY WOUNDS CLOSURE IN CHILDREN: A COMPARISON OF TISSUE GLUE WITH SUBCUTICULAR SUTURING

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Supervisor: Professor Olusanya Adejuyigbe, Dr. Oludayo A. Sowande
Faculty: SURGERY
Month: 11
Year: 2008

Abstract

This study aims to compare the outcome of herniotomy wounds closed with 2-octylcyanoacrylate (tissue glue) with subcuticular suturing method with respect to cosmetic outcome, cost implications, complications and time of effecting wound closure. It is a prospective randomized controlled study carried out at the Pediatric Surgery Unit of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex, Ile Ife. Ethical clearance for the study was gained and patients were recruited from the Pediatric Surgery Outpatient department. Data including demographics, side and duration of the hernia as well as method of wound closure, wound edge complications and the time of closure were collected, collated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13.0 There were 52 wounds from 45 patients; 7 patients had bilateral hernias representing 14 wounds. The wounds were randomized into study group (Tissue glue (TG)) and control group (subcuticular suturing group (SG)) with 26 wounds in each group. Thirty patients (57%) were aged between 1 and 5 years. Seventeen herniotomy wounds in the SG had a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of 8 cm while 6 wounds in the group had a score of 7 cm. Two wounds had a score of 9 cm while a wound had a score of 4 cm. The median score was 8 cm (range 4 – 9 cm) in this group. The 2 herniotomy wounds in the TG had 11 wounds each with a VAS score of 8 cm and 9 cm; while 4 patients had a score of 7 cm. The median value was 8 cm (range 7 – 9 cm) (p <0.05). With the use of Hollander Wound Evaluation Scale (HWES) by the Plastic Surgeon, 21 herniotomy wounds (80.8%) had a score of 6 in the SG as against 19 wounds (73%) in the TG. Conversely, 6 patients in the TG had a score of 5 compared with 4 patients in the SG. One patient had a score of 3 in the SG while a patient had a score of 4 in the TG (Table 5). The median score was 6 (range 4 – 6) in the TG while it was 6 (range 3 – 6) in the SG (p = 0.351). Seven patients (13.5%) had wound related complications, 4 in the TG while 3 were in the SG. However, only one (1.9%) required treatment as the others resolved spontaneously during follow up clinic visits (p value =0.44). The mean duration of closure of wounds from the subcuticular layer to the skin apposition is in the TG is 6.19 minutes (SD ± 2.02minutes) while in the SG the mean time of wound closure is 9.12 minutes (SD ± 2.07minutes). The student t-test was 5.2098 with a p value of <0.0001. The mean duration of apposition of skin edges in the TG was 2.19 minutes (SD = ± 1.16 minutes) while it was 5.04 minutes (SD = ± 1.37 minutes in the SG. The Student t-test was 8.0626 and the p value was < 0.0001. Each patient in the SG spent about N 750.00 while the cost to each patient who used 2-octylcyanoacrylate was about N3, 900.00. The Chi square test comparing the average cost of wound closure in the two methods was 52.00 and the p value < 0.0001. In conclusion, this study showed that the outcome of wound closure using the tissue glue technique and subcuticular suturing technique are comparable with respect to cosmetic appearance and wound edge related complications, while it is faster to achieve wound closure using the tissue glue technique compared with the subcuticular suturing technique. However, the tissue glue technique is more expensive when compared with the traditional suturing technique.

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