Detection of occult renal diseases using urinary screening for proteinuria in children and adolescents is an important step in reducing the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The most widely used screening test for early presumptive identification of renal diseases is dipstick urinalysis for proteinuria. The performance of urinary dipstick, however, in detecting significant proteinuria as a marker of kidney disease has been adjudged weak and unreliable. A more reliable screening tool which is simple, available, accurate, sensitive and reproducible, would be required in this circumstance. The measurement of urinary protein, urinary creatinine ratio (UPr/UCr) meet these expected criteria and may be a useful surrogate for dipstick urinalysis for proteinuria. This study aimed to determine and compare the prevalence of significant proteinuria using dipstick urinalysis and spot UPr/UCr and to determine the sociodemographic correlates of significant proteinuria by these methods among school children aged 5-15 years in Ogbomoso Community. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out from July to October 2018 in 33 public schools of two Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ogbomoso Land. The study enrolled a total of 1,316 apparently healthy children from Ogbomoso South LGA (an urban population) and Ogo-Oluwa LGA (a rural setting) in Ogbomoso community. Selection of subjects was conducted through a multi-stage sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant data including socio-demographic details and the subjects were physically examined. Dipstick urinalysis was carried out on early morning urine samples. Total urinary protein was determined using a turbidometric method while Jaffe’s reaction was used to determine urinary creatinine concentration. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) TM version 23.0 for Windows. The difference in paired proportions of proteinuria using urinary dipstick and their respective urinary protein creatinine ratio were compared using the McNemar’s test of significance. Cohen’s Kappa statistics was used to determine the agreement between the two methods. Multivariate logistic regression reporting odds ratio and 95% confidence interval was used to assess clinical and socio-demographic factors predictive of proteinuria. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. The study was conducted in line with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Oyo State Ethics Review Committee. The prevalence of significant proteinuria using spot UPr/UCr and dipstick urinalysis were 18.0% and 0.8%, respectively. Inter-rater agreement was poor, with a Kappa coefficient of κ=0.01 between the two methods for assessing for significant proteinuria. Predictors of significant proteinuria on multivariate logistic regression were history of skin rash (p=0.001), female gender (p=0.023), dwelling in a rural community (p=0.001) and presence of leucocyturia (0.001). It was concluded that UPr/UCr ratio gave a better and a more sensitive performance than the use of dipstick urinalysis in detection of significant proteinuria. Consequently, it is suggested that the use of UPr/UCr ratio be adopted in the early detection of significant proteinuria as a marker of kidney disease.