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EVALUATION OF MALARIA ENDEMICITY IN EGOR LGA, EDO STATEUSING ASYMPTOMATIC MALARIA PARASITAEMIA AND SPLEEN RATE IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY SCHOOL CHILDREN

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Supervisor: Prof. Michael O. Ibadin, and Dr. Damian U. Nwaneri
Faculty: PAEDIATRICS
Month: 05
Year: 2008

Abstract

Malaria is a major public health problem and contributes to high childhood morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. In the two decades preceding this study, malaria endemicity in the study area was classified as holoendemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Following a number of multiprong malaria control programmes in the last one decade in Nigeria, there is the need to evaluate current malaria endemicity. The study aims at determining malaria endemicity in Egor Local Government Area, Edo State, using the malariometric indices of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and spleen rate in apparently healthy school children aged 2- 9 years. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional survey among pre-school and school-aged children residing in three political wards of Egor LGA. The children were selected from 9 primary schools with nursery facilities using a multi-staged, stratified cluster sampling technique. Their weight, height and temperatures were recorded. They were examined for pallor, jaundice and splenomegaly while malaria parasitaemia was determined. Children with splenomegaly also had theirhaemoglobin genotype assessed. Of the 422 children enrolled, 127 had malaria parasites (parasite rate of 30.1%). The prevalence of malaria parasitaemia was slightly higher in those ≥5 years (31.1%) compared toU-5s(27.6%). Plasmodiumfalciparum was the only malaria parasite species identified in the subjects. Splenic enlargement was present in 45 children (spleen rate of 11.0%). Both malariometric indices of spleen rate and parasite rate are within the mesoendemic category (11-50%) of malaria transmission signifying perhaps, a downward trend in malaria transmission in the study area.

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