Preventable diseases are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and other developing countries, accounting for majority of the 5.9 million under five deaths in 2015. Preventive Paediatrics involves all activities geared towards protecting, promoting and maintaining the health and wellbeing of children - not just in the context of preventable communicable diseases, but also in the mitigation and amelioration of complications of chronic non-communicable diseases. An understanding and application of the five levels of prevention by doctors caring for children can enhance care in a pro-active manner, and potentially improve Nigeria’s child health indices. This study was conceived on this premise and sought to determine the knowledge, attitude and practical applications of the five levels of prevention by child-care doctors at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). It was a cross-sectional study carried out amongst 295 doctors who care for children in UPTH comprising of Consultants, Resident doctors, Medical officers and House officers in the departments of Paediatrics, Surgery, Dentistry, Ophthalmology, Family Medicine, Accident and Emergency, Community Medicine and Mental Health. Information on socio-demographics, knowledge of the levels of prevention, attitude of the respondents towards prevention and its utilisation by the doctors in the course of their duties was sought using a self-administered questionnaire. It also assessed any perceived barriers to their practice of prevention and sought their opinion on how to mitigate them.