Objective: To compare the neonatal and maternal outcomes of elective caesarean sections performed at 38 completed weeks and 39 completed weeks at the Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta, Nigeria. Study Design: Non blinded randomized controlled trial. Study Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Medical Centre. Abeokuta. Study Population: Two hundred and fifty six (256) pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies, a single foetus, and a date of delivery estimated by ultrasound scheduled for delivery by elective caesarean section. Methods: Women who consented to participate in the study were randomly assigned to elective caesarean section at 38 completed weeks or 39 completed weeks. Neonatal and maternal outcomes were compared between the two groups. Main outcome Measures: Neonatal intensive care unit admission, prolonged neonatal hospitalization, respiratory morbidities, neonatal jaundice, hypoglycaemia, neonatal sepsis, iatrogenic prematurity and neonatal death. Maternal outcomes include surgical or postpartum adverse events like the need for hysterectomy, serious thromboembolic complication and maternal death.