Background: Caesarean section is the most commonly performed major surgery by Obstetricians worldwide. Despite the widespread use of prophylactic antibiotics, post operative infectious morbidities remain a significant complication. Few studies have been done or replicated in our environment to ascertain if cleansing the vagina with povidone iodine before surgery will help in reducing the burden of post caesarean infectious morbidities Objectives: To determine whether vaginal cleansing with 10% povidone iodine before caesarean section has any effect on post-operative infectious morbidities as well as determining the impact of certain risk factors on infection occurrence and the impact of povidone iodine cleansing on these factors. Methodology: This was a prospective randomised controlled study carried out in the theatre, labour, postnatal wards and postnatal clinic of Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta between March 1st 2014 and October 1st 2014.The study involved 239 women who met the inclusion criteria and undergoing caesarean section. They were randomised into either of vaginal cleansing with povidone iodine (intervention) or vaginal cleansing with normal saline (control).Both groups had the same standard abdominal scrub with 10% povidone iodine. Post operative care was the same in both groups. Outcome measures: Proportion of women in both groups that develop post operative infectious morbidities Effect of vaginal cleansing with 10% povidone iodine on reducing post operative endometritis Effect of vaginal cleansing with 10% povidone iodine on reducing post operative wound infections. Effect of vaginal cleansing with 10% povidone iodine on post operative febrile morbidities. Impact of certain risk factors on the occurrence of post caesarean infectious morbidities Influence of vaginal cleansing with povidone iodine on these risk factors