The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of trachoma, and barriers to uptake of lid surgery in Yamaltu/Deba Local Government Area of Gombe State. The objectives of the survey, was to determine the prevalence of active trachoma and trichiasis, and the barriers to uptake of lid surgery which will serve as a blue print for a trachoma control program.. Materials and methods A population based cross-sectional survey for trachoma prevalence was conducted in Yamaltu/Deba Local Government Area of Gombe State. The survey was conducted in the months of June and July, 2004. The study population was chosen by two-stage cluster random sampling technique. In the first stage, 3 villages were selected out of 22villages in the local government area, based on probability proportional to size. In the final stage, 200 people (per cluster) were randomly selected from the households. A total of 2,094 people of all ages were examined out of the 2,338 calculated as minimal sample size for active trachoma and trichiasis. The World Health Organization (WHO) simplified trachoma grading was used clinically to identify subjects with trachoma. Also the WHO values of 10% (for active trachoma) and 1% (for trichiasis) were used to determined the 1 level of public health significance of trachoma. Subjects with trichiasis were asked what type of treatment they had received and those that did not attend any hospital were asked for their reasons. The data was analyzed using a computer software EPI-Info version 6.