Epilepsy is a chronic disorder which needs long term treatment with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs).Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an AED that is widely used in children and has many side effects including cognitive and visual, which are dose and duration dependent necessitating its therapeutic dose monitoring. There is paucity of data on therapeutic drug monitoring of AEDs including CBZ in Nigerian children with epilepsy because facility for therapeutic AED monitoring is not readily available. The objective was to determine the serum and salivary concentrations of CBZ and assess the correlation between the serum and salivary levels of CBZ among children with epilepsy seen at the Paediatric Neurology Clinic of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria. This study was descriptive and cross-sectional, carried out from 1st September 2017 to 31st August 2018. Children with epilepsy attending Paediatric Neurology Clinic were selected by simple random sampling after satisfying all the inclusion criteria. One millilitre (1ml) of un-stimulated mixed saliva and 2 mls of blood were simultaneously collected and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect the CBZ levels in saliva and serum respectively. Of the total 400 subjects, 244 (61.0%) were males while 156 (39.0%) were females with a male to female ratio (M: F) of 1.6:1. The median age was 84.0 months (range 9-180 months). Two hundred and twenty four (56.0%) subjects were of lower socio-economic class. Majority of the subjects, 328 (81.8%) had generalised tonic-clonic form of seizure.