This was a prospective descriptive study conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo state. The study was approved by the UI/UCH IRC. Objectives: To compare the sensitivities and specificities of cervical cytology with visual inspection with acetic acid in HIV- positive women and to assess the value of visual inspection of the cervix using acetic acid as an alternative to cytology screening in HIV- positive women. Methods: Two Hundred and five consenting HIV seropositive women were recruited from the HIV (PEPFAR) clinic at the University College Hospital Ibadan. A cervical cytology (Pap smear) was taken, followed by visual inspection with freshly prepared 5 % acetic acid and cervical biopsy taken as the reference for diagnosis.