Background: Preeclampsia is one of the medical diseases of pregnancy and a leading
cause of maternal, fetal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The role of serum uric
acid in determining the outcome of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia has been
controversial. Hence if a correlation or association is determined, it may be a veritable
asset to the clinicians in preventing the fetomaternal morbidity and mortality associated
with the disease.
Aim/Objectives: To compare mean serum uric acid levels between severe preeclamptics
and normotensive women at term and to ascertain the correlation between serum uric
acid levels and outcomes of preeclampsia; as well as determine if there is a threshold
value of serum uric acid level beyond which adverse fetomaternal outcomes are
expected.
Study design: A case-controlled study.
Setting: The antenatal clinics, antenatal wards, labour wards and accident and
emergency units of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki and St
Patrick’s Mile 4 hospital Abakaliki.
Method: This was a case control study where equal numbers of severe pre-eclamptics
at term and normotensive women matched for gestational age were recruited. Blood
samples were collected from each group for assay of the serum uric acid levels and they
were followed up till delivery. The fetomaternal outcomes and the corresponding serum
uric acid levels at diagnosis were documented. Variables were studied using statistical
tools. Comparisons between categorical variables were done using chi-square/ fishers
exact test while comparisons between continuous variables were done using students ttest. Test for association between serum uric acid levels and adverse pregnancy
outcomes was done with binary logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratio at 95%
confidence interval was calculated for other confounding variables. A Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off value of uric acid using the
best sensitivity and specificity values beyond which adverse fetomateral complications
are likely to occur in pre-eclamptics.