Background: Anti-Mullerian hormone is an emerging biochemical marker useful in evaluating infertile females before in vitro fertilization treatment independent of gonadotrophin and stable thought the menstrual cycle. The follicle stimulating hormone which is the most commonly used biochemical marker and presently used at the University of Benin Teaching hospital for this evaluation is characterized by its inter-cycle and inter-sample variation of results and difficulty with timing of measurement in women with irregular menses. However there is paucity of indigenous studies and insufficient scientific evidence to recommend anti-Mullerian hormone for evaluating women for assisted reproduction in our own setting. Objectives: To ascertain if serum anti-Müllerian hormone is superior to basal follicle stimulating hormone in predicting response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in in-vitro fertilization cycles. Study Design: A Cohort Study. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Human Reproduction and Research Unit of the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital in Benin City. It was a prospective cohort study on 54 consecutive women selected for their first in vitro fertilization cycle during the study period. Their day 3 blood samples were analysed for antiMullerian hormone using the Ansh-lab ultra-sensitive AMH ELISA assay and follicle stimulating hormone was also analysed by the DRG ELISA assay in all selected women in the synchronized cycle preceding their stimulation having given informed consent. They went through the agonist or antagonist cycles, had ultrasound scan monitoring and oocyte maturation achieved using the human chorionic gonadotrophin or buserelin before oocyte retrieval under ultrasound scan guidance. The number of oocytes retrieved served as the primary outcome measure in this study. The women were categorized as poor responders if less than 4 oocytes were retrieved or normal responders if 4 or more oocytes were retrieved. The relevant information were obtained using the data extraction form and analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20.0 software. Anti-Mullerian hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were compared using measures of diagnostic accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and further compared while controlling for confounding clinical variables using the multivariate logistic regression model.