BACKGROUND: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy predisposes to the development of pyelonephritis, which leads to obstetrics complications like preterm labour and low birth weight infants. AIM: To compare the burden of ASB among HIV positive and HIV negative pregnant women attending the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) antenatal clinics. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study among HIV positive and HIV negative pregnant women at LUTH was carried out. Relevant socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured proforma. “Clean catch” urine samples were collected for processing.