BACKGROUND: Uterine fibroids also known as “leiomyoma” are the commonest benign pelvic tumor in women of reproductive age group. They consist of large amount of extracellular matrix that contains collagen, fibronectin and proteoglycans. Uterine fibroids are associated with several morbidities in premenopausal women and are also the commonest indication for hysterectomy globally. Vitamin D is a steroid prohormone, whose active metabolite 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D has been found to reduce cell proliferation, enhance and differentiation particularly regulates extracellular matrix production in vitro and vivo. Literature and epidemiological data supporting this possibility on the association of vitamin D and uterine fibroids have been few and none so far from this environment despite the fact uterine fibroids is commoner in blacks than Caucasian women. Hence, this study is an effort at exploring the association if any. OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to compare the values of plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D in women with and without uterine fibriods attending gynaecology clinic at LASUTH, Ikeja, Lagos. METHODOLOGY: This is a case control study in which consecutive women presenting at the hospital asymptomatic or with symptoms and signs suggestive of uterine fibroids were adequately counselled and their informed consent obtained before being recruited into the study. The recruitment lasted 6 months. A proforma was used to get socio-demographic data and information relating to uterine fibroids at presentation. Transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound scan was done to assess fibroids status and blood sample taken and sent to the laboratory for plasma level of 25 hydroxyvitamin D analysis. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.19.