BACKGROUND Cervical cancer which is a preventable disease is still of public health importance in the developing countries. Unlike in the developed countries where it is almost eradicated mainly because of organised screening using Papanicolaou smear, opportunistic screening is what still operates in the developing countries; hence the high incidence as a result of late presentation. OBJECTIVE To study the pattern of cervical smear taken from patients during the puerperium and to determine the prevalence of squamous epithelial lesion among the women in the puerperal period in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive study carried out in the postnatal clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Pap smear samples were taken and the samples were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and taken to the pathology department for processing and interpretation.