Background: Urinary tract catheterization is a major risk factor for urinary tract infection (UTIs). Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) still remains a major reservoir of antibiotic resistant pathogens with attendant increase in morbidity and mortality. Objective: This study was to determine and compare the incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infections following immediate and 24-hour postoperative removal of urethral catheters for caesarean section in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi. Design: The study was a prospective, comparative study. Methodology: The study involved 166 women admitted for caesarean section where the urethral catheter was removed 24-hour post operatively (group A) or immediately after the procedure (group B). Urine samples were collected preoperatively and 72 hours postoperatively. The samples were analyzed in a blinded pattern by a designated microbiologist. Outcome measures included pre-operative and 72 hour postoperative urine microscopy, culture and sensitivity, urinary frequency, dysuria, urgency, fever and duration of hospital stay. The patients’ data were coded, computed and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Student’s t-test and Chi square were used where appropriate. A P- value of <0.05 was considered significant.